Four Main Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

Generally, there are four main symptoms for patients with nephrotic syndrome, which go as follows: large protein in urine(>3.5g/24h); hypoproteinemia (seralbumin<30g); obvious edema; hyperlipidaemia. Among the four mentioned items, the first one is essential factor which can cause other following ones.
1. a large amount of proteinuria
A large amount of proteinuria indicates that the filtration membrane have been damaged. As we mentioned in the premier articles, from outside to inside, renal filtration membrane can be divided into renal capillary endothelial cell, basilar membrane, epithelial cell, and so on. In all of them, there are pores, the diameter of which makes only small molecules pass. When the pores of them change, protein will leak out, thus causing proteinuria.
2. hypoproteinemia
The decline of serum albumin is the result of proteinuria. In clinic, there are also some cases that patients have a large amount of protein in urine but their hypoalbuminemia is slight. Such patients are usually secondary focal segmental sclerosis instead of primary kidney disease such as primary membrane kidney disease or minimal change kidney disease. In addition, patients with Nephrotic Syndrome can also have decreased appetite, insufficiency of protein intake, poor absorption, and so on, which is caused by edema in mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract. In addition, researchers find out that patients also lost albumin in the stomach and guts, which is also a factor which can worsen hypoproteinemia( low protein in plasma).
3. edema or swelling
Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome have different degree of edema or swelling. Generally, the retention of sodium and water as well as low protein in blood will lead to the change of osmotic pressure, thus causing edema or swelling. There is also another theory to explain why there is edema or swelling.
When patients are suffering from edema, the concentration of protein in plasma will decrease and the plasma osmotic pressure will decrease as well. Liquid flows towards where there is high protein, thus causing edema or swelling in clinic and we can say that protein which is lost in urine causes a series of symptoms such as low protein in plasma and edema in the body.
4. hyperlipidaemia
Hyperlipidaemia means that the concentration of lipoprotein is abnormal. When patients are suffering from hyperlipidaemia, the elements of all kinds of lipoproteins will increase.
If such symptoms last for a long time, patients will become serious, thus even causing renal failure. Therefore, we should take effective measures to treat it. In our hospital, we have researched out Chinese Medicine and stem cell transplant, which are also part of immunotherapy in our hospital. For more information, please consult us online or email us.