Mechanism of Stem Cell Treats Type 1Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The subsequent lack of insulin leads to increased blood and urine glucose. Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. However, it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults.
The pathology of type 1Diabetes is absolutely inadequate secretion of insulin due to the damage to islet cells. The causes of it include hereditary factor and environment factor which cause immune disorder. The abormal immune response will cause damage to islet cells. In order to treat this disease, we should first repair the damaged islet cells and at the same time, regulate the immune system. Stem cell treatment can achieve this purpose.
Stem cells are the most primary cells of the human body. After transfused into the patients' body, these stem cells can differentiate into various functional cells needed. The stem cells can differentiate into new islet cells and replace the dead ones, thus recovering the islet function. T-reg cells can help regulate the immune system and stop the attack to healthy islet cells, thus protecting the remaining islet function. After the treatment, the dose of insulin injection can be reduced significantly and some patients can even stop insulin.
In clinic, when type 1Diabetes patients begin to take stem cell therapy, it indicates that most of people are in diabetic nephropathy stage. The kidney has lost partial function, and there are toxins in the blood. So to make sure stem cell has a cleaner environment to generate and differentiate.